Here are some helpful ingredient tips, equivalencies and conversion factors...

CONVERSIONS

• 4 quarts equal 1 gallon • 2 pints equal 1 quart • 2 cups equal 1 pint • 16 tablespoons equal 1 cup • 3 teaspoons equal 1 tablespoon • 2 tablespoons equal 1 fluid ounce • 4 tablespoons equal 1/4 cup • 5 tablespoons plus 1 teaspoon equals 1/3 cup • 8 tablespoons equal 1/2 cup • 12 tablespoons equal 3/4 cup • 1 jigger equals 3 tablespoons

TIPS & EQUIVALENTS

• To Sour Milk: Add 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice to 1 cup sweet milk • 1 teaspoon double acting baking powder will leaven 1 cup of flour • 1/2 teaspoon soda plus 1 cup sour milk will leaven 1 cup of flour • To thicken gravy, add 1/2 cup of flour for each quart of liquid • Ice Cream: 1 quart will provide 8 servings • Punch: 1 gallon will provide 35 3-ounce servings • Noodles: 1 cup uncooked equals 2 cups cooked • Navy Beans: 1 pound dried equals 6 cups cooked • Cabbage: 1 pound equals 5 cups shredded • Chicken: 3-1/2 pounds equal 2-1/2 cups sliced • Mushrooms: 1/2 pound equals 2-1/2 cups sliced • Potatoes: 1 pound equals 3 medium potatoes, or 2-1/2 cups sliced, or 2 cups mashed • Spaghetti: 1 pound uncooked equals 7 cups cooked • Tomatoes: 1 pound equals 3 medium tomatoes, or 1 cup juiced, chopped or pulped • Graham Crackers: 15 crackers equal 1 cup fine crumbs • Vanilla Wafers: 22 wafers equal 1 cup fine crumbs • Zwieback: 6 ounces equal 2 cups fine crumbs • Bread: 1 slice equals 3/4 cup soft crumbs • Bread: 1 slice equals 1/3 cup dry crumbs • Apples: 1 pound equals 3 medium apples, or 2-3/4 cups pared or sliced, or 1-3/4 cups sauce • Oranges: 1 pound equals 2 medium oranges, or 2 cups sectioned, or 2/3 cup juice • Bananas: 1 pound equals 3 medium bananas, or 2-1/2 cups sliced • Lemons: 4 medium lemons equal 3 tablespoons juice, or 3 teaspoons grated peel (or both) • Carrots: 1 pound equals 4 medium or 6 small carrots, or 3 cups shredded, or 3-1/2 cups grated, or 2-1/2 cups diced • Peppers: 1 pound equals 5-6 medium peppers, or 3-1/2 cups chopped • Garlic: 1 clove equals 1/4 teaspoon chopped • Onions: 1 pound equals 4-5 medium onions, or 2-1/2 cups chopped • Marshmallows: 1/2 pound equals 4 cups miniature marshmallows • Rice: 1 cup uncooked equals approximately 2 cups cooked • Macaroni: 1 cup uncooked equals 2 cups cooked • Chocolate Substitute: 3 tablespoons of cocoa plus 1 tablespoon of butter may be substituted for 1 square of chocolate • Cheese: 1 pound equals 4 cups grated • Shortening: 1 pound equals 2 cups • Butter: 1 stick equals 1/2 cup • Flour: 1 pound equals 5-1/3 cups • Confectioners Sugar: 1 pound equals equals 3-1/2 cups • Brown Sugar: 1 pound equals 2-2/3 cups • Sugar: 1 pound equals 2 cups • Egg Whites: 8-11 equals 1 cup • Egg Yolks: 12-16 equals 1 cup